Dental plaque is a soft bacterial film that gradually covers the teeth and can lead to more serious dental problems. In this article, we will discuss why dental plaque forms, how to prevent its accumulation, and what to do to maintain a healthy smile.
Why Does Dental Plaque Form?
1. Bacterial Nature of Dental Plaque
Dental plaque consists of bacteria that actively multiply on the tooth surface, especially in areas that are difficult to clean, such as the back of the teeth, interdental spaces, and along the gum line. When food residues, especially sugars, remain on the teeth, bacteria produce acids that erode the tooth enamel and can lead to cavities.
2. Food Residues and Poor Nutrition
Foods high in carbohydrates, sweets, pastries, and carbonated drinks are the main culprits in plaque formation. It is also important to remember that a lack of fiber in the diet reduces the teeth’s ability to self-clean.
3. Poor Oral Hygiene
When you do not brush your teeth twice a day or use dental floss, plaque accumulates, leading to the formation of tartar. The longer plaque remains on the teeth, the harder it is to remove.
Why Is Dental Plaque Dangerous?
1. Cavities and Enamel Erosion
Bacteria in plaque release acids that gradually destroy tooth enamel. If plaque is not removed in time, it can lead to cavities and further tooth decay.
2. Gum Inflammation (Gingivitis)
When plaque remains on the teeth for a long time, gum inflammation begins, manifesting as redness, swelling, and bleeding. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to more serious conditions such as periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss.
3. Bad Breath (Halitosis)
Bacteria in plaque produce sulfur compounds, leading to bad breath.
How to Effectively Remove Dental Plaque?
1. Regular and Proper Tooth Brushing
Brush your teeth twice a day: in the morning after breakfast and in the evening before bed. Use a soft toothbrush to avoid damaging the gums and enamel. Brushing should last at least 2-3 minutes, paying attention to hard-to-reach areas.
2. Using Dental Floss
Dental floss helps remove plaque and food residues stuck between teeth and along the gum line, preventing plaque buildup in these areas.
3. Oral Irrigator
An oral irrigator effectively cleans interdental spaces and the gum line, which is especially important for people with braces, crowns, and implants. Using an irrigator significantly improves oral hygiene.
4. Mouthwash
Antibacterial mouthwashes reduce the number of bacteria in the mouth and help prevent plaque formation.
Professional Teeth Cleaning
Preventive oral hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy teeth and gums. Even with perfect home care, plaque can form in hard-to-reach areas and eventually turn into tartar. Dental clinics offer the following procedures:
1. Ultrasonic Cleaning
A procedure that uses ultrasound to remove both soft and hard deposits, effectively eliminating plaque and tartar.
2. Air Flow
A method that removes pigmented plaque (from coffee, tea, smoking) using a mixture of water, air, and powder. This method helps restore the natural whiteness of teeth.
3. Tooth Polishing
After cleaning, teeth are polished with special pastes to make the surface smooth and less prone to plaque accumulation.
4. Fluoride Treatment
Fluoride treatment strengthens enamel and prevents cavities, increasing its resistance to acids produced by bacteria.
Why Are Regular Dental Visits Important?
1. Early Detection of Diseases
Routine dental check-ups help detect early signs of cavities, gingivitis, and other conditions, making treatment easier.
2. Oral Hygiene Monitoring
A dentist can assess the effectiveness of your oral hygiene routine and recommend appropriate care products.
3. Preventive Teeth Cleaning
Professional dental cleaning every six months helps prevent plaque and tartar buildup.
Conclusion
Dental plaque is not just a cosmetic issue but a real threat to the health of teeth and gums. Maintaining proper hygiene, using dental floss, an oral irrigator, and mouthwash will help keep your teeth clean and prevent plaque formation. However, do not forget about regular dental visits for prevention and professional cleaning. A healthy smile is the key to confidence and well-being.
Authors
Dentist at A.I. Budovsky’s Clinic, St. Petersburg (Budovsky)
Fedotova E.A.
